Comparison of two obturation techniques on adhesion and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts / Comparación de la adhesión y proliferación de fibroblastos periodontales humanos en dos técnicas de obturación endodóntica

The present study aimed to compare the adhesion and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDL) in transverse sections of the teeth sealed with two different obturation techniques, BioRoot RCS/hydraulic obturation (HO) and AH-Plus/continuous-wave condensation (CWC). The techniques were tested using an in vitro model to simulate the interaction between periodontal tissues and the materials. The root canals were instrumented and sterilized. A total of 15 samples were obturated with BioRoot RCS/HO and 15 samples with AH-Plus/CWC. Then, roots were sectioned to obtain obturated teeth slices, and hPDL cells were seeded onto the root slices. The results were obtained at intervals of 4 and 24h for cell adhesion; and at 3,7,14, and 21 days for cell proliferation. Empty cell culture plates were use as controls. The cell adhesion was increased at 4 and 24h for both groups, with an increased response observed in the BioRoot RCS/HO group (p<0.05). The difference in cell proliferation was also found between experimental groups. After 14 days of culture, BioRoot RCS/HO group showed an increase response than control and AH-Plus/CWC groups (p<0.05), and after 21 days both groups behaved better than control group, with an increased response observed in the BioRoot RCS/HO group. This study demonstrated that both root canal sealers allow the attach and growth of periodontal ligament fibroblasts, with an increased biological response in the BioRoot RCS/HO group.

El presente estudio se enfocó en comparar la adhesión y proliferación de fibroblastos de ligamento periodontal humano (hPDL) en secciones transversales de raíces previamente obturadas con dos técnicas de obturación diferentes: obturación hidráulica empleando cono único de gutapercha y BioRoot RCS como sellador (HO), y obturación de condensación de onda continua y AH-Plus como sellador (CWC). Los selladores se usaron en un modelo in vitro que simula la interacción entre los tejidos periodontales y los materiales de obturación. Los conductos radiculares fueron instrumentados, esterilizados y obturados. La muestra se compuso de un total de 15 raíces con la técnica BioRoot RCS/HO y 15 raíces con la técnica AH-Plus/CWC. Las células de hPDL fueron sembradas en condiciones estándar de cultivo sobre las raíces seccionadas. Los resultados fueron obtenidos a intervalos de 4 y 24h para adhesión celular, y a los 3,5,7,14 y 21 días de cultivo para proliferación celular. La adhesión celular a las 4 y 24 horas mostró ser diferente para ambas técnicas en comparación con el grupo control, siendo más importante en el grupo BioRoot RCS/HO. La diferencia en la proliferación entre grupos se observó a los 14 días de cultivo, únicamente para el grupo BioRoot RCS/HO; Sin embargo para el día 21 ambas técnicas mostraron mayor proliferación celular que el grupo control, con mejor respuesta para el grupo BioRoot RCS/HO. Este estudio ha demostrado que ambos selladores de conductos permiten la adhesión y crecimiento de fibroblastos de ligamento periodontal, siendo el grupo BioRoot RCS/HO el que mostró mayor biocompatibilidad.

Evaluation of Ion Release from Four Dental Sealants.

The purpose of this study was to determine the ion release from four commercially available pit-and-fissure sealants [3M Clinpro, 3M Concise™, BeautiSealant (BS), and GI FX-II)]. With each brand, 18 specimens were prepared. Their fluoride release in de-ionized water was measured by fluoride electrode, while the release of silicate (Si), aluminum (Al), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and phosphorus (P) was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The result showed that fluoride was not released from 3M Concise™. GI FX-II displayed the largest fluoride release, which, however, dropped rapidly on day 3. 3M Clinpro exhibited less fluoride release than GI FX-II and BS did. At any time during the 28-day experimental period, GI FX-II released more Na than the other sealants (P<0.001). BS ranked the second in Na release, and a small amount of Na ions was released from the 3M Clinpro and 3M Concise™ samples. Al ions were only detected from BS and GI FX-II, but not from the 3M Clinpro and 3M Concise™. Additionally GI FX-II had the largest Si release among the four brands at any time during the experimental period (P<0.001). Ca ions were detected from 3M Clinpro and 3M Concise™, but not from GI FX-II. BS released more Sr than the other sealants at any time during the experimental period (P<0.001). All the samples released similar amounts of P continuously during these 28 days. In conclusion, based on the type and the amount of ion release, BS is the best pit-and-fissure sealant among the four brands.

Assessment of monomer release from 3 different fissure sealants.

BACKGROUND: Light-activated resin-based dental fissure sealants are the most widely accepted among clinicians. The objective of this study was to determine monomer release of 3 different light-curing fissure sealants in vitro: Control Seal (Voco, Germany), Fissurit FX (Voco, Germany) and R&D Series Fissured Nova (Imicrly, Turkey). METHODS: Each material was polymerized with a curing light: Valo Cordless (Ultradent) LED in standard mode for 20 seconds (n = 27) and 40 seconds (n = 27) and in Xtra power mode (plasma arc) for 3 seconds (n = 27). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the amount of monomers released over 1, 3 and 7 days. RESULTS: Plasma arc groups showed the highest release of monomers at 1, 3 and 7 days in the 3 fissure sealant groups (p<0.001). The greatest release of bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA) determined for R&D Series Fissured Nova both with LED 20 seconds and LED 40 seconds and for Control Seal was with the plasma arc. With time, release of the monomer was reduced for all polymerization systems. CONCLUSIONS: Efficiency of the polymerization system and applying the recommended curing time for light-activated resin-based dental materials are very important to protect the patient from potential hazards of residual monomers.

MTA como material de sellado en cirugía endodóntica: puesta al día / MTA as sealing material in endodontic surgery: update

La cirugía endodóntica tiene por objetivo eliminar quirúrgicamente el tejido patológico a nivel periapical y permitir el sellado hermético apical. Para ello resulta fundamental obturar la cavidad realizada con un material que sea biocompatible, insoluble y que impida la filtración bacteriana. Ninguno de los materiales de sellado clásicos ha sido capaz de satisfacer todos los requerimientos necesarios para ser denominado el material ideal en cirugía endodóntica. Sin embargo, con la introducción del Agregado Trióxido Mineral (MTA), se ha presentado un material altamente biocompatible que evita la filtración de bacterias y que es hidrófilo, por lo que podría emplearse en campos húmedos como son los tejidos apicales. El presente trabajo de revisión bibliográfica permitió investigar cuáles son las ventajas que aporta el MTA en cirugía endodóntica. Se han estudiado sus características con respecto a su biocompabilidad y capacidad de sellado. Además, se ha revisado cómo la literatura hace frente a sus desventajas como material de sellado, sobre todo, en referencia su difícil manejo y a su potencial de decoloración del diente obturado (AU)

Endodontic surgery treatment pretends to surgically remove pathological tissue in the periapical area, with the aim to obtain a hermetic and apical seal. For this, it is essential to seal the cavity with a material that is biocompatible in the periapical tissues, insoluble in oral fluid, and that prevents bacterial leakage in dental tissues. None of the conventionally used root end filling materials has been able to meet all the requirements to be designated as the ideal material for this treatment. however, with the introduction of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), it was found to be a highly biocompatible material, which prevents bacterial leakage and is hydrophilic, so that the problem of its use in areas with moisture such as the apical tissues can be avoided. This literature review allowed us to investigate the advantages of the MTA in endodontic surgery. Its characteristics have been studied regarding its biocompatibility and sealing ability. Furthermore, it has been revised how the literature confronts its disadvantages regarding the troublesome handling and the potential discoloration of the filled tooth (AU)

Morphology of sealant/enamel interface after surface treatment with bioactive glass.

The purpose of this study was to analyze, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphology of sealant/enamel interface after surface treatment with Biosilicate. Before pits and fissures sealing, the occlusal surfaces of 10 sound human molars were sectioned perpendicularly at the fissures in order to obtain three slices for each tooth. Slices were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10) according to sealing protocol: Group 1- Acid etching + Biosilicate + glass ionomer-based sealant (Clinpro XT Varnish, 3M ESPE); Group 2- Acid etching + glass ionomer-based sealant (Clinpro XT Varnish, 3M ESPE); Group 3- No sealing. All slices were subjected to thermal cycling (5,000 cycles; 5-55°C; dwell time: 30s). Half of the slices from each group (n = 5) were analyzed by CLSM and the other half by SEM. Groups 1 and 2 were also submitted to EDS analysis and their data were evaluated by Two-Way ANOVA e Tukey's test (α=5%). EDS data analysis showed higher amounts of silicon (Si) ions than calcium (Ca) ions in Group 1 (P < 0.05); Group 2 presented higher amounts (P < 0.05) of Ca ions than Si ions. It may be concluded that the use of Biosilicate for surface treatment did not affect the morphology of glass ionomer-based sealant/enamel interfaces.

Evaluación de la adaptación interna de resinas compuestas: Técnica incremental versus bulk-fill con activación sónica / Internal adaptation evaluation of composite resins: Incremental filling versus Sonic-activated bulk-fill

Introducción: Recientemente se han desarrollado las resinas bulk-fill que pueden ser utilizadas con técnica monoincremental, reemplazando la tradicional técnica incremental oblicua y acortando el tiempo clínico. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la adaptación de las resinas compuestas a las paredes internas cavitarias, utilizando técnica incremental oblicua y monoincremental con activación sónica. Material y método: Se utilizaron 15 terceros molares sanos, a los cuales se les realizó dos preparaciones cavitarias clase II con márgenes en esmalte, de dimensiones en sentido mesiodistal de 3 mm, vestibulolingual de 2,5 mm, profundidad oclusopulpar de 2 mm y profundidad oclusoproximal de 4 mm. Las preparaciones distales se restauraron utilizando la resina convencional FiltekTM Z350 XT con técnica incremental y las mesiales con la resina bulk-fill SonicFillTM con técnica monoincremental y activación sónica. Las muestras fueron cortadas en sentido mesiodistal y analizadas mediante microscopio óptico a aumento de 10× y 40×. Se midió el porcentaje de adaptación de ambas resinas y se realizó un test ANOVA de dos vías con prueba post hoc de Tukey. Resultados: No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la adaptación interna cavitaria utilizando la técnica monoincremental con activación sónica y la incremental oblicua (p>0,01). Discusión: La técnica monoincremental con activación sónica, a pesar de tener un menor tiempo en el mercado, menor tiempo de entrenamiento clínico y menor consumo de tiempo clínico presentó valores similares de adaptación a las paredes internas cavitarias que la técnica incremental oblicua (AU)

Introduction: Recently, Bulk-Fill resins have been developed and they can be used with a mono-incremental technique, eliminating the traditional oblique incremental technique and shortening the clinical time. The aim of this study is to evaluate the internal adaptation of composite resins using oblique incremental and monoincremental techniques with sonic activation. Material and method: 15 healthy third molars were used and two enamel finished class II cavity was performed on each one of them. Dimensions were: 3 mm mesio-distal, 2.5 mm buccal-lingual, 2 mm occlusal-pulp depth, and 4 mm occlusal-proximal depth. The distal preparations were restored using a conventional FiltekTMZ350 XT (3M ESPE, USA) resin with oblique incremental technique and the mesial ones were restored using Bulk-Fill SonicFillTM (Kerr, USA) resin through mono-incremental technique and sonic activation. The samples were cut in a mesiodistal direction and analyzed with an optical microscopy at 10× and 40× magnification. The percentage of adaptation of both resins was measured, and a two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction was performed. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the adaptation of both resins, using oblique incremental and mono-incremental techniques with sonic activation (p>0.01). Discussion: Both techniques reported similar values of adaptation, therefore, the mono-incremental technique with sonic activation is a recently introduced technique, which seems to be less sensitive than oblique incremental technique (AU)

In-vivo durability of a fluoride-releasing sealant (OpalSeal) for protection against white-spot lesion formation in orthodontic patients.

BACKGROUND: Sealant application during fixed appliances orthodontic treatment for enamel protection is common, however, reliable data on its durability in vivo are rare. OBJECTIVE: This study aims at assessing the durability of a sealant (OpalSeal, Ultradent) for protection against white-spot lesion formation in orthodontic patients over 26 weeks in vivo, taking into account the provision or absence of an adequate oral hygiene. We tested the null hypothesis of (1) no significant abatement of the sealant after 26 weeks in fixed orthodontic treatment compared to baseline, and (2) no significant influence of the factor of brushing and oral hygiene (as screened by approximal plaque index, API) on the abatement of the sealant. METHODS: Integrity and abatement of OpalSeal applicated directly following bracketing was assessed in thirty-six consecutive patients (n(teeth) = 796) undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (male/female 12/24; mean age/SD 14.4/1.33 Y). Assessment of the fluorescing sealant preservation was by a black-light lamp, using a classification that was concepted in analogy to the ARI index: (3, sealant completely preserved; 2= > 50% preserved; 1 = <50%; 0 = no sealant observable) immediately following application (Baseline, T0), after 2 (T1), 8 (T2), 14 (T3), 20 (T4) and 26 weeks (T5). API was assessed at T0 and T1. Statistical analysis was by non-parametric repeated measures ANOVA (α = 5%, power >80%). RESULTS: At baseline, 43.4% of teeth had a positive API. Oral hygiene deteriorated after bracketing (T1, 53%) significantly. Null hypothesis (1) was rejected, while (2) was accepted: Mean values of both the well brushed and non-brushed anterior teeth undercut the score "1" at T3 (week 14). Despite a slightly better preservation of the sealer before and after T3 in not-sufficiently brushed (API-positive) teeth, this finding was statistically not significant. CONCLUSION: One single application of OpalSeal is unlikely to last throughout the entire fixed appliance treatment stage. On average, re-application of the sealant can be expected to be necessary after 3.5 months (week 14) in treatment.

Influência do pré-aquecimento na adaptação marginal de dois materiais seladores de fóssulas e fissuras, analisada através de tomografia de coerência ótica / Influence of preheating on the marginal adaptation of two materials pit and fissure sealants, analyzed by optical coherence tomography

O selamento de fóssulas e fissuras destaca-se entre as técnicas não invasivas empregadas na prevenção de cáries. Consiste em uma manobra conservadora que as oblitera e protege da destruição dos ácidos bacterianos. Influenciado pelos estudos de pré-aquecimento das resinas compostas, em que se observou grande melhora em algumas de suas propriedades físicas, este trabalho objetivou analisar, in vitro, a adaptação marginal superficial e interna de diferentes materiais seladores e em situações de pré aquecimento ou não. Foram utilizados 40 terceiros molares humanos extraídos (n=10), os quais tiveram suas superfícies oclusais preparadas para receber o material selador. Foram testados dois tipos de materiais seladores: selante resinoso (Fluoroshield) e resina de baixa viscosidade (Permaflo). Dentre estes, 50% recebeu material aquecido previamente e a outra metade recebeu material selador em temperatura ambiente. Todas as amostras foram submetidas à Ciclagem Térmica e de pH, simulando um ambiente oral cariogênico. Em seguida foram analisadas em aparelho de OCT (Tomografia de coerência ótica). As imagens obtidas tiveram suas alterações registradas e analisadas estatisticamente. Como alteração foi considerado o surgimento de bolhas e fendas. Comparações para o mesmo material, avaliando o fato do mesmo ser ou não selado com material pré aquecido, bem como comparações entre os diferentes materiais submetidos à mesma temperatura, foram realizadas. O teste não paramétrico de Tukey foi empregado (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram ter havido diferença estatisticamente significativa tanto entre os materiais analisados, como entre as situações em que o material selador foi submetido (pré aquecido ou não). No quesito adaptação marginal superficial e interna, visto através de Tomografia de Coerência Ótica, pode-se sugerir que há diferença entre o uso de um tipo ou outro dos materiais seladores analisados, com superioridade atribuída à resina Permaflo em relação ao selante Fluroshield, dizendo-se o mesmo em relação às diferentes técnicas utilizadas. (AU)

Among the non-invasive techniques employed in the prevention of caries highlights the sealing pits and fissures which is a conservative maneuver, in order to obliterate them to protect them from attack acid bacteria. Influenced by the studies of pre-heating composite resin, which has experienced great improvement in some of their physical properties, this study aimed to evaluate in vitro the superficial and internal marginal adaptation of different materials and sealants in pre-heating or not. A total of 40 extracted human third molars (n=10) that had their occlusal surfaces prepared to receive sealant. We tested two types of sealing materials: resin sealant (Fluoroshield) and low-viscosity resin (Permaflo), where 50% of previously received heated material and the other half received sealant material at room temperature. All samples were subjected to thermal cycling and pH, simulating a cariogenic oral environment, and later were analyzed appliance OCT (optical coherence tomography). The images obtained alterations were recorded and analyzed statistically. Change was considered as the emergence of bubbles, gaps and cracks in the sealant. Comparisons of the same material, assessing the fact that it is not sealed or preheated material, as well as comparisons between different materials subjected to the same temperature were carried out. The nonparametric Tukey test was used (p < 0,05). The results showed that there was statistically significant difference between both the materials analyzed, as between the situations in which the sealant material was submitted (preheated or not). On the issue of marginal adaptation and internal surface, seen through Optical coherence tomography, may suggest that there is a difference between the use of one type or another of the sealing material analyzed, with superiority attributed to resin Permaflo compared to sealant Fluroshield, telling is the same for the different techniques used. (AU)

Evaluación comparativa in vitro de la capacidad de sellado del sistema de conductos radiculares por diferentes técnicas / Comparative in vitro evaluation of the sealing ability of the root canal system by different techniques

Objetivo. Evaluar in vitro la capacidad de sellado del conducto radicular utilizando las técnicas de condensación lateral activa, Híbrida de Tagger modificada, Thermafil y System B. Material y métodos. Fueron empleados 116 dientes humanos extraídos uniradiculares, incluidos en bloques de resina, seccionados longitudinalmente, unidos a un dispositivo con tornillos y divididos en cuatro grupos (n= 29). Después de la instrumentación con ayuda de fresas, fue confeccionada una depresión en cada tercio del conducto radicular en cada una de las mitades de la raíz. En seguida, los dientes fueron obturados con las citadas técnicas. Para la evaluación de la calidad de la obturación, fueron realizadas fotos con aumento de 1.5X y radiografías, sometidas a diferentes escores. Después se realizó el análisis estadístico tanto macroscópica como radiográficamente, por medio del test Chi-cuadrado (χ2). Resultados. La técnica Thermafil presentó mejores resultados en cuanto a la capacidad de llenado, número de fallas y homogeneidad (p < 0,05), seguida de la técnica Híbrida de Tagger modificada, System B y condensación lateral activa. Conclusiones. Thermafil fue la técnica que demostró ser macroscópica, radiográfica y homogéneamente superior a las otras técnicas evaluadas, en lo que se refiere al sellado de las depresiones y fallas confeccionadas (AU)

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the sealing ability of the root canal using different techniques: cold lateral compaction, modified Hybrid Tagger, Thermafil and System B. Material and methods. Were used 116 human single-roots, included in resin blocks, sectioned longitudinally, attached to a device with screws and divided into four groups (n=29). After instrumentation using a bur, depression was made in each third of the root canal in each of the halves. Teeth were filled upon the different techniques. For evaluation of the quality, pictures were taken with a 1.5X magnification, photos and radiographs were utilized. After statistical analysis, were performed both macroscopic and radiographic evaluation, by Chi-square test (χ2). Results. The Thermafil technique showed better results in terms of sealing capacity, failures and homogeneity followed by modified Hybrid Tagger, the System B and cold lateral compaction. Conclusions. Thermafil was the technique that shown to be macroscopic, radiographic and homogeneously best over the other techniques evaluated in regard to the filling of the depressions made (AU)

Vertical misfit of laser-sintered and vacuum-cast implant-supported crown copings luted with definitive and temporary luting agents

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the vertical discrepancy of implant-supported crown structures constructed with vacuum-casting and Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technologies, and luted with different cement types. Study Design. Crown copings were fabricated using: (1) direct metal laser sintered Co-Cr (LS); (2) vacuum-cast Co-Cr (CC); and (3) vacuum-cast Ti (CT). Frameworks were luted onto machined implant abutments under constant seating pressure. Each alloy group was randomly divided into 5 subgroups (n = 10 each) according to the cement system utilized: Subgroup 1 (KC) used resin-modified glass-ionomer Ketac Cem Plus; Subgroup 2 (PF) used Panavia F 2.0 dual-cure resin cement; Subgroup 3 (RXU) used RelyX Unicem 2 Automix self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement; Subgroup 4 (PIC) used acrylic/urethane-based temporary Premier Implant Cement; and Subgroup 5 (DT) used acrylic/urethane-based temporary DentoTemp cement. Vertical misfit was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests were run to investigate the effect of (..) (AU)

Comparación in vitro de la microfiltración apical del MTA ProRoot y Angelus en dientes monorradiculares / In vitro comparison of the MTA microlakage ProRoot apical and Angelus in teeth single-rooted

Antecedentes: Uno de los retos en endodoncia es la obturación de los conductos con ápices abiertos permitiendo su sellado, evitando la microfiltración y la salida del material obturador hacia los tejidos periapicales, por esta razón actualmente se utilizan materiales como el Mineral Trióxido Agregado (MTA) para proporcionar un tope apical que garantice el sellado del conducto radicular evitando la contaminación bacteriana. Objetivos: Comparar la microfiltración apical in vitro del MTA de dos casas comerciales con y sin hidróxido de calcio en dientes monorradiculares con ápices amplios. Materiales y métodos: Para este estudio se utilizaron 80 dientes humanos monorradiculares extraídos, divididos en 4 grupos, MTA "Proroot" con y sin hidróxido de calcio y MTA "Angelus" con y sin hidróxido de calcio, sumergidos en una sustancia buffer simulando el periápice y posteriormente se realizó coloración con tinta china y evaluación de la microfiltración por medio del proceso de diafanación. Resultados: En el estudio todos los grupos presentaron algún grado de microfiltración, siendo los de mayor frecuencia los dientes obturados con MTA Angelus sin hidróxido de calcio y el que menos presentó fueron los obturados con MTA Proroot sin hidróxido de calcio. Conclusiones: Tanto el MTA Angelus como el MTA Proroot se pueden usar como barrera apical sin necesidad de usar hidróxido calcio, sin embargo es necesario afinar las técnicas y procedimientos en futuros estudios que permitan la toma de decisiones clínicas (AU)

Background: One of the challenges in endodontics is root canal filling with open and wide apex, which allowing it to seal, preventing microleakage and the output of the filling material into periapical tissues, therefore currently used materials such as Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to provide an apical stop to ensure the sealing of the root canal to avoid bacterial contamination. Objectives: To compare the in vitro apical microleakage of MTA in two trading houses with and without calcium hydroxide in teeth with apical single-rooted wide. Materials and methods: For this study 80 extracted human teeth were used single-rooted divided into 4 groups, MTA "ProRoot" with and without calcium hydroxide and MTA Angelus with and without calcium hydroxide, immersed in a buffer substance and simulating periapical subsequently made with India ink staining and evaluation of microleakage through diafanación process. Results: In the study all groups showed some degree of microleakage, the most frequent being filled teeth with MTA Angelus without calcium hydroxide and the least presented were filled with MTA ProRoot without calcium hydroxide. Conclusions: Both the MTA and the MTA Angelus ProRoot can be used as apical barrier without the use of calcium hydroxide, however it is necessary to refine the techniques and procedures in future studies to clinical decision making (AU)

Adaptación a la dentina de un sellador experimental a base de trióxido mineral. Estudio piloto / Adaptation to the dentine of an experimental mineral trioxide-based seale. Pilot study

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar al MEB, la adaptación a la dentina de un sellador experimental a base del trióxido mineral, con y si la utilización de EDTA al final de la preparación de los conductos radiculares. Material y método: Doce dientes unirradiculares fueron conformados hasta el calibre 45 y divididos al azar en dos grupos de 6. El grupo 1 (sin EDTA), los conductos recibieron un lavaje final con 5 ml de agua estilada. El grupo 2 (con EDTA), los conductos fueron tratados con EDTA al 17% durante 3 minutos, seguidos por una irrigación con 5 ml de hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25% y un lavaje final con 5 ml de agua destilada. Se dejó un espécimen de cada grupo sin obturar como control positivo y negativo de la actividad del EDTA. Para la obturación se utilizó la técnica de cono único, empleando el sellador experimental y los especímenes fueron mantenidas al 100% de humedad a 37ºC por un período de 30 días. Posteriormente fueron seccionados con escoplo y martillo longitudinalmente y se examinaron los 3 mm apicales con un microscopio electrónico de barrido. Resultados. En el grupo 1(sin EDTA) la adaptación a las paredes dentinarias se presentó como un cordón denso, continuo y homogéneo, que hace difícil definir una línea de unión entre la dentina, el barro dentinario y el sellador endodóntico. El grupo 2(con EDTA) mostró una adaptación aceptable del sellador a la dentina, presentando una línea bien definida de unión entre ambos. Conclusiones. La adaptación a las paredes dentinarias del sellador experimental fue superior cuando no se utilizó EDTA dejando el barro dentinario, valorándose una posible integración química. La eliminación del barro dentinario mostró una adaptación aceptable a la dentina, sin presentar una interacción química con las paredes dentinarias (AU)

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate under a SEM, the adaptation to the dentine of an experimental mineral trioxide-based sealer, with and without the use of ETA after preparing the root ducts. Material and methods. 12 single-rooted teeth were instrumented to caliber 45, randomly divided into 2 groups of 6. In group 1 (without EDTA), the ducts received a final wash with 5 mil of distilled water. In group 2 (with EDTA), the ducts were treated with EDTA at 17% for 3 minutes, followed by irrigation with 5 ml of sodium hypochlorite at 5,25% and a final wash with 5 ml of distilled water. A specimen of each group was kept without sealing as positive and negative control of the EDTA activity. For the obturation, the technique of an only cone was used, using an experimental sealer and the samples were kept al a 100% of humidity at 37º for 30 days. They were later longitudinally sectioned using chisel and hammer and the 3 apical mm were examined under a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. In group 1 (without EDTA) the adaptation to the dentinal walls was like a thick continuous homogeneous cord with makes it difficult to define a joint line between the dentine, the smear layer and the endodontic seal. Group 2 (with EDTA) showed an acceptable adaptation of the sealer to the dentine, presenting a well defined joint line between them. Conclusions. The adaptation of the experimental sealer to the dentinal walls was better when no EDTA was used, leaving the smear layer, validating a possible chemical integration. The elimination of the smear layer showed an acceptable adaptation to the dentine, without presenting a chemical interaction with the dentinal walls (AU)

Determining efficacy of monitoring devices on ceramic bond to resin composite

Objectives: This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of 3D nanoroughness and 2D microroughness evaluations, by their correlation with contact angle measurements and shear bond strength test, in order to evaluate the effect of two different acids conditioning on the bonding efficacy of a leucite-based glass-ceramic to a composite resin. Study Design: Ceramic (IPS Empress) blocks were treated as follows: 1) no treatment, 2) 37% phosphoric acid (H3PO4), 15 s, 3) 9% hydrofluoric acid (HF), 5 min. Micro- and nano-roughness were assessed with a profilometer and by means of an atomic force microscopy (AFM). Water contact angle (CA) measurements were determined to assess wettability of the ceramic surfaces with the asixymetric drop shape analysis contact diameter technique. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested to a resin composite (Z100) with three different adhesive systems (Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus, Clearfil New Bond, ProBOND). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were performed. Results: Nanoroughness values assessed in 50x50 ìm areas were higher for the HF group, these differences were not detected by profilometric analysis. HF treatment created the nano- roughest surfaces and the smallest CA (p<0.05), producing the highest SBS to the composite resin with all tested adhesive systems (p<0.05). No differences existed between the SBS produced by the adhesive systems evaluated with any of the surface treatments tested. Conclusions: Nano-roughness obtained in a 50x50 µm scan size areas was the most reliable data to evaluate the topographical changes produced by the different acid treatments on ceramic surfaces (AU)

Effect of aluminum chloride hemostatic agent on microleakage of class V composite resin restorations bonded with all-in-one adhesive

Objectives: Since hemostatic agents can induce changes on enamel and dentin surfaces and influence composite resin adhesion, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the aluminum chloride hemostatic agent on the gingival margin microleakage of class V (Cl V) composite resin restorations bonded with all-in-one adhesive. Study design: Cl V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 60 sound bovine permanent incisors. Gingival margins of the cavities were placed 1.5 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 30. In group 1, the cavities were restored without the application of a hemostatic agent; in group 2, the cavities were restored after the application of the hemostatic agent. In both groups all-in-one adhesive and Z250 composite resin were used to restore the cavities with the incremental technique. After finishing and polishing, the samples underwent a thermocycling procedure, followed by immersion in 2% basic fuschin solution for 24 hours. The samples were sectioned and gingival microleakage was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare microleakage between the two groups. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in microleakage between the two groups (P<0.001). Conclusions: Contamination of Cl V composite resin restorations bonded with all-in-one adhesive with aluminum chloride hemostatic agent significantly increases restoration gingival margin microleakage (AU)

Influencia de los diferentes sistemas adhesivos en la resistencia de la unión al microcizallamiento en superficies dentarias erosionadas / Influence of different adhesive systems on bond strength to tooth surfaces eroded microshear

El objetivo fue analizar in vitro la resistencia de la unión al cizallamiento de sistemas adhesivos convencional y autocondicionante sobre la superficie de esmalte y dentina después del proceso erosivo ocasionado por una bebida ácida. Cuarenta incisivos bovinos fueron seccionados y desgastados hasta obtener superficies planas en esmalte y dentina. Sobre estas, fue simulado un proceso erosivo utilizando Coca-Cola® por 10 días, 4 veces al día durante 10 min. Después, las muestras fueron divididas en 4 grupos: G1-esmalte y G2-dentina, ambas superficies hibridizadas con adhesivo convencional (Adper Single Bond II); G3-esmalte y G4-dentina, hibridizados con sistema autocondicionante (Clearfil SE Bond). Cilindros de resina compuesta (Filtek Flow Z350) con 2 mm. de altura por 0,8 mm. de diámetro fueron confeccionados y almacenados en agua deionizada a 37º C por 24h. Terminado el período, fueron sometidos al test de microcizallamiento en Emic DL 2000 con una velocidad de 1mm/min. hasta la fractura. Los resultados fueron sometidos al análisis estadístico (ANOVA One-way) y las medias comparadas por el Teste post-hoc Games-Howell. Los grupos G1 y G3 presentaron los mayores valores medios (11,92 e 14,93MPa respectivamente) con diferencia estadística entre si (p<0.05). Los grupos G2 y G4 presentaron los menores valores (2,35 e 5,50MPa respectivamente) con diferencias estadísticas entre si (p<0.05). Se concluye que los sistemas adhesivos testados actuaron efectivamente sobre el esmalte después de la erosión, no siendo tan eficaz en la dentina, probablemente, debido al over etching

The aim of the present study was to verify the shear bond strength of total and self-etching systems on the surface of enamel and dentine after erosive process. 40 bovine incisors were sectioned and finished until the surfaces got planned in enamel and dentine. On these, erosive process was simulated by using Coke® for 10 days, 4 times by day during 10 min. After, the samples were divided in 4 groups: G1-enamel and G2-dentine, both surfaces were hybridized with total-etching adhesive system (Adper Single Bond II); G3-enamel and G4-dentine were hybridized with self-etching system (Clearfil SE Bond). Resin composite cylinders (Filtek Flow Z350) with 2 mm of height for 0,8 mm of diameter were constructed on these hybridized surfaces and after they were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24h. Subsequently, they were submitted to the microshear test in Emic DL 2000 with speed of 1mm/min until failure. The results were submitted to the statistical analysis (ANOVA One-way) and the means were compared by the Test post-hoc Games-Howell. The groups G1 and G3 presented the highest mean values (11.92 and 14.93MPa respectively) however they differed statically itself (p<0.05). By the other hand, the groups G2 and G4 showed the lowest mean values of bond strength (2.35 and 5.50MPa respectively) and they were statistically differents (p<0.05). It can be concluded that both adhesive systems acted effectively on the enamel after erosion process, but on dentin the adhesives were not so efficient due to over etching

Definición del riesgo individual de caries / Defining the individual risk of caries

Presentamos el método de clasificación del riesgo de caries de los niños y niñas de 6 a 14 años que acuden a la revisión estomatológica prevista en el Programa de Salud Bucodental de Asturias, como herramienta de ayuda a la toma de decisiones clínicas. Esta clasificación en niños/as de riesgo alto, moderado o bajo de caries intenta una aproximación a la situación del individuo en su conjunto, no sólo a su situación dental, y establece unas actuaciones preventivas y de seguimiento uniformes en todas las consultas desalud bucodental de nuestro sistema de salud (AU)

A method of classification of caries risk in children from 6 to 14 years old attending follow-up appointments at the Program of Oral Dental Health in Asturias, Spain. This classification provides tools that will assist clinical decision making. It also classifies the children as being in high, moderate, or low risk of experiencing caries which is an approximation to the individual as a whole, not only based on the dental status. It establishes preventive measures to be followed by all oral and dental health clinics in our health system (AU)

Evaluación de la capacidad de sellado de dos materiales de restauración provisoria: un estudio in vivo / Evaluation of sealing ability of two temporary restoration materials: an in vivo

Objetivo: el objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar, in vivo, la capacidad de sellado coronario de dos materiales de restauración provisoria, CAVIT y MD-Temp utilizados en combinación con un ionómero vítreo, luego de realizado el tratamiento endodóntico. Material y Métodos: se seleccionaron 40 pacientes que recibieron tratamiento endodóntico en la Clínica de la Carrera de Especialización en Endodoncia de la Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad del Salvador/Asociación Odontológica Argentina (USAL/AOA) lo que fueron asignados al azar a dos grupos de 20 (n=20) cada uno. En el Grupo 1) las cavidades de acceso fueron obturadas con CAVIT/Ionómero previa inserción de un disco de papel de 6mm de diámetro. En el Grupo 2) luego de la inserción del disco, se obturó con MD-Temp/Ionómero. A los 14 y 21 días los pacientes fueron citados para retirar los discos de papel. Los mismos se cultivaron para la detección de microorganismos anaerobios facultativos y anaerobios obligados. Los resultados fueron evaluados estadísticamente mediante el test exacto de Fisher y la prueba de chi cuadrado. El nivel de significación establecido fue de p>0,05. Resultados y conclusiones: las muestras basales no presentaron crecimiento bacteriano. En las muestras experimentales se aislaron Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacilus spp., Streptococcus g viradas y levaduras. No se recuperaron anaerobios estrictos. A pesar de observase menor filtración en los casos obturados con CAVIT tanto a los 14 como a los 21 días no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos materiales, en los dos períodos evaluados (p>0,05) (AU)

Objective: The purpose of this study aimed to evaluate the coronal sealing ability of two temporary filling materials “in vivo”: CAVIT and MD-Temp, in combination with glass ionomer once the endodontics treatment was performed. Material and Methods: 40 patients were selected, all of which have received endodontic treatment at the Master in Endodontics Clinic of USAL/AOA. They were divided randomly in two groups of 20 (n=20) patients earch. After the insertion of 6 mm, paper disc in each of the patients of both groups, the coronal access cavities of Group 1 were obturated with CAVIT + glass ionomer; and those of Group 2, with MD Temp + glass ionomer. After 114 days and 21 days periods, all the patients have had the paper discs removed. Those paper-discss samples were sent to culture for facultative and force anaerobic microorganism. The results were statistically analyzed with chi squared and Fisher exact test. The significance level was p>0,05. Results and conclusions: Basal samples did not show bacterial growth. In experimental samples, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus g viridians and levaduras were isolated. Force anaerobic microorganisms were not recovered. Though minor leakage was observed in cases obturated with CAVIT results reached both after the 14 days and 21 days periods, no statistically significant differences were observed amid both analyzed materials (p>0.05) (AU)

Evaluación del sellado apical provisto por un cemento experimental a base de MTA / Evaluation of apical seal provided by an experimental cement-based MTA

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio realizado in vitro, fue evaluar la filtración apical y difusión en los conductillos dentinarios de un colorante en conductos radiculares obturados mediante conos de gutapercha y un cemento experimental compuesto por un polvo a base de MTA o cemento de Grossman. Material y Métodos: Se seleccionaron 46 incisivos centrales superiores humanos extraídos que fueron instrumentados con una técnica telescópica hasta una lima apical maestra #40 en longitud de trabajo. Las muestras fueron divididas al azar en dos grupos (A y B) de 20 dientes (n=20) cada uno y obturados con técnica de compactación latera, conos de gutapercha y cemento sellador. En el grupo A se utilizó cemento de Grossman y el grupo B un cemento experimental compuesto por un polvo a base de MTA y una resina polivinílica de base acuosa, utilizada como vehículo. Los 6 dientes restantes fueron utilizados como control. Finalmente los especímenes fueron sumergidos en una solución de tinta china y conservados en estufa en ambiente húmedo durante 14 días. Los dientes fueron seccionados longitudinalmente con un sistema modificado de doble hoja de corte, para ser analizados con microscopía óptica a 40X. Los especímenes fueron fotografiados y analizados en una computadora por medio de un software ImageJ 1.38x. Se evaluó la filtración apical del colorante y su difusión en el interior de los conductillos dentinarios en el tercio apical de cada espécimen. Los datos obtenidos fueron registrados y evaluados estadísticamente por medio de un análisis de varianza (ANOBA) de un factor y la prueba de probabilidad exacta de Fisher. Resultados: Al analizar la filtración apical no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.01). Conclusiones: En las condiciones en que fue realizado este estudio, el escaso grado de filtración apical del colorante observado sugiere una buena capacidad de sellado de ambos cementos. Al analizar la difusión, en los conductillos se observó una mayor penetración en el grupo obturado con el cemento de Grossman, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los dos grupos analizados (p=0,01) (AU)

Objetives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate for apical leakage and diffusion into the dentinal tubules using a dye solution in root canals which were obturated with gutta percha cones and experimental cement formed by a MTA based powder or Grossmann´s cement sealer. Materials and method: 46 extracted human upper central incisors were selected and then instrumented using a telescopic technique to the size of a # 40 master apical file in working length. Samples were randomly divided into two groups (A and B) of 20 teeth each (n=20) and obturated using the lateral compactation technique, gutta percha cones and a sealer cement. In group A, Grossmann´s cement was used, and in group B, an experimental cement consisting in a MTA based powder and aqueous base polyvinyl resin as a vehicle. The remaining 6 teeth were used as a control group. Finally, the specimens were dipped into a China ink solution and kept in furnace in a humid environment for a 14 day period. The teeth were then sections longitudinally by means of a modified double cutting blade system to be analyzed using optical microscopy at 40X magnification. Specimens were photographed and analyzed by computer using the Image J 1.38X software. Apical leakage and diffusion of the dye solution into the dentinal tubules in the apical third of each specimen was evaluated. The obtained data were recorded and statically analyzed applying a one factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fischer´s exact test. Results: no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (p=0.20) when analyzing for apical leakage. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p=0.01) when analyzing for dye solution spreading into the dentinal tubules. Conclusions: under the conditions of the present study, the low degree of apical leakage of the dye solution observed suggests good sealing abilities for both cements tested. When analyzing the diffusion into the dentinal tubules, a higher penetration was observed in the group obturated with Grossman´s cement, with a statiscally significant difference between the two groups analyzed (p=0.01) (AU)